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What Are The Vertical Columns Of The Periodic Table Called?
The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups. There are 18 groups in the periodic table. Each group has a unique name and number. The groups are numbered from 1 to 18. The elements in each group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
Group 1 is called the alkali metals. These elements are very reactive and are never found in nature as free elements. They react with water to form alkaline solutions. Group 2 is called the alkaline earth metals. These elements are also very reactive but not as much as the alkali metals. They are found in nature as free elements.
Group 3 to 12 is called the transition metals. These elements have properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. They are good conductors of heat and electricity and have high melting points and densities.
Group 13 to 18 is called the p-block elements. These elements have properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. They have low melting points and densities.
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods. There are seven periods in the periodic table. The elements in each period have the same number of electron shells.
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- [BBC Bitesize](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zv9nhcw/articles/zf4pp4j)
- [Heimduo](https://heimduo.org/are-the-vertical-columns-of-the-periodic-table-are-called-periods/)
- [Chem LibreTexts](https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Valley_City_State_University/Chem_121/Chapter_2%3A_Atomic_Structure/2.03%3A_Families_and_Periods_of_the_Periodic_Table)
- [Dummies](https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/science/chemistry/the-periodic-table-families-and-periods-194224/)
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